A Syrian court has handed down its first conviction against Bashar al-Assad. The court sentenced Assad to death in absentia, citing charges of murder, torture, and arbitrary detention during nearly 14 years of conflict in Syria. A security official associated with Assad was also sentenced to death.
Assad, born in 1965, assumed power in 2000 following the death of his father, Hafez al-Assad. His leadership maintained the family’s grip on power, reinforced by the Alawite sect’s dominance in the predominantly Sunni Muslim nation, and upheld Syria’s alliances with Iran, along with its opposition to Israel and the United States.
He was forced to leave Damascus nearly two years ago when rebel forces advanced toward the city. He is now residing in Moscow.
Tuesday’s trial involved former government officials and resulted in a death verdict for Assad over crimes including premeditated murder—especially of children—torture, arbitrary arrests, and crimes against humanity.
This marks the first legal action taken against Assad, who led Syria for more than two decades before being ousted following a rebel offensive in December 2024 that ended his family’s longstanding rule and ignited a brutal civil war, killing hundreds of thousands of Syrians.
Assad’s early rule was shaped by regional turmoil, including the Iraq war and Lebanon crisis, but it was the outbreak of civil war after the 2011 Arab Spring protests demanding democracy that defined his presidency. The conflict swiftly turned deadly as government forces responded with lethal force to protests demanding change.

