Tag: Accessories How-To

Nowadays, many laptops and desktop computers come equipped with USB-C ports that support Thunderbolt 4 or USB 4. However, the technology landscape is evolving, and the spotlight is now on the upcoming enhancements of Thunderbolt 5 (TB 5) and USB 4 version 2 (USB 4 v2).

These new standards supercharge data transfer speeds, doubling the previous maximum of 40 GBit/s to a remarkable 80 GBit/s. Interestingly, in asymmetric mode, which is an optional feature of USB 4 v2, you can achieve data transfer rates of up to 120 GBit/s from the source to connected devices (downstream), enabling seamless operation of multiple high-resolution monitors. In the reverse direction, the speed remains at 40 GBit/s.

Quite a lot to digest, right? This complexity is why Microsoft is introducing new guidelines to streamline the USB-C experience on Windows 11 laptops. The current state of USB-C and Thunderbolt can be confusing even for seasoned tech enthusiasts.

Fortunately, both TB 5 and USB 4 v2 backward compatibility allows users to connect older gadgets using adapters, including those that utilize USB 2.0. Yet, many practical questions persist about USB-C, especially concerning the latest TB 5 and USB 4 v2 iterations.

In this guide, we aim to address your most pressing queries — from how to check if your devices support these new standards to what specifications to seek when making a purchase, as well as how to interpret the newly designed USB logos.

Check USB 4 Compatibility on Windows

If you’re using Windows 11 and have USB-C ports, you can easily find out whether they support USB 4 by accessing the Windows Settings app. Within Windows 11, there’s a helpful feature labeled “USB4 hubs and devices,” located under “Bluetooth and devices > USB.” Alternatively, simply searching for “USB4” or “Thunderbolt” in the search bar will bring you there.

This section shows you which USB 4 version your system supports. If it displays “1.0,” it indicates a maximum bandwidth of 40 GBit/s. However, if it says “2.0,” your system supports USB 4 version 2, delivering double the speed — potentially even with the asymmetric mode.

The Windows 11 settings also provide insights into currently connected devices. For instance, if you connect an external USB 4 or Thunderbolt 4/5 SSD to your Type-C port and hit “Refresh” next to “USB4 domain information,” you’ll see the name of the connected device listed under “USB4 host router information.”

Clicking on the listed devices or the plus sign next to the line will provide further details. “Current bandwidth (down/up)” will indicate the speed capacity available on your USB-C port with the connected device. It’s important to note that this information does not have to reflect the maximum speed the device is capable of handling—it’s a combination of the interface and the connected equipment.

Please note: This feature in Windows 11 is only compatible with USB4-enabled computers and will not work with USB 2.0 or 3.0 devices.

Simplified USB Logos for Better Clarity

The USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF), which governs the standard, revised the USB logos in early 2025 to enhance clarity on what a USB-C device or cable supports before purchase. The newly designed logos aim to provide a quick reference for expected data transfer speeds and charging capabilities.

This move comes in response to the frequent feedback that the myriad variations of USB technology create confusion instead of clarity.

The new logos focus on essential features instead of complex technical terms, making it easier to identify data transfer speeds and charging performance at a glance. The speed information will ideally appear next to “USB” on product packaging — for example, “80 Gbps,” signaling that the device is certified for data transfer rates up to 80 GBit/s.

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Under this updated scheme, USB-C connections on devices like laptops should have the maximum transfer rate specified right on the unit. This new logo reform also applies to USB-C cables; data transfer speeds and charging ratings are to be displayed on the plugs themselves, clearly and distinctly.

A cable marked “80 Gbps 240 W” indicates that it is capable of transferring data at rates of up to 80 Gbps and charging devices with a maximum of 240 watts.

In cases where a cable is solely for charging, information about data transfer speeds will be absent. This immediately signals that data cannot be transmitted, or only at very slow USB 2.0 speeds.

This commendable initiative does have one caveat: manufacturers can choose whether or not to adopt the new logos. Nevertheless, products bearing these logos indicate a higher level of reliability compared to those that do not.

Choosing the Right Cables and Power Supplies for USB-C Charging

As USB-C connectors become increasingly commonplace for charging, it is no surprise that a new European Union regulation requires that all new devices must support USB-C charging.

There’s a transition period for laptops, ending on April 28, 2026, after which proprietary plug/power supply combinations will be phased out. All laptop batteries will then need to be USB-C compatible.

While the USB-C connector is employed for charging, the process is governed by a separate standard known as USB Power Delivery (USB PD).

This standard offers multiple charging profiles, with the extended version, USB PD EPR (Extended Power Range), reaching a charging capacity of up to 240 watts. This level of power is sufficient for even the most demanding gaming laptops.

To achieve this, the charging cable must be equipped with a special chip called an e-marker, as well as be capable of handling a current of 5 amps. This chip stores key information about the cable’s capabilities, including charging profiles and maximum power output.

If diving deep into the PD specifications seems daunting, a good starting point would be to opt for a power supply unit rated at 45 or 60 watts, suitable for a compact laptop and capable of charging most smaller devices like smartphones or tablets.

More robust portable computers typically require a 100-watt power supply (20 volts at 5 amps). For your reference, we’ve included a table summarizing PD charging profiles and compatible devices.

Overview: Charging Capacities with USB Power Delivery (PD)

Thanks to advancements, delivering up to 240 watts via USB-C is now achievable, a feat that was once considered impossible. One of the initial power supply units to handle this is the Delta ADP-240KB BA.

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You can access all USB EPR-certified charging profiles. However, Delta’s 240W USB-C charging unit is relatively large, making it less travel-friendly.

Rare Availability of USB 4 v2 and TB 5

If you aim to acquire a new computer, being updated with the latest connectivity options is essential.

Currently, however, this can be challenging. Recently, laptops powered by the Intel Core Ultra 200 series processors (codenamed: Arrow Lake H and HX) have been labeled as “Thunderbolt 5 ready.” This simply means that these processors can technically support TB 5 due to their PCI Express lane capacity.

To comply with the TB 5/USB 4 v2 specifications, an additional chip is necessary. Potential candidates include Intel’s JHL9580 (codename: Barlow Ridge), but implementation decisions rest with PC manufacturers. Up to now, only a limited number of laptop models featuring Thunderbolt 5 Type-C ports, such as the Razer Blade 18 and MSI Vector 16 HX, have become available.

These high-performance gaming laptops come with steep price tags, starting at around $3,000, where the extra costs for the TB5 controller chip are less impactful on the overall price. Similar considerations apply to the Apple MacBook lineup featuring M4 processors, which also support TB 5.

Given the high requirements associated with TB 5 and USB 4 v2—particularly concerning data rates, charging speeds, and video outputs—adequate cooling solutions must be in place. It’s not uncommon for laptops to require an extra fan to manage heat dissipation, a crucial consideration for slim and lightweight designs, as it directly influences weight and noise levels.

This is why many manufacturers continue to utilize the previous TB 4/USB 4 standard, maintaining maximum data rates of 40 GBit/s for ultra-mobile devices.

Upgrading USB-C Ports for TB 5/USB 4 v2

Conversely, new desktop computers are more likely to incorporate a USB-C interface that supports TB 5/USB 4 v2, which may allow for retrofitting via a PCIe expansion card.

It’s important to ensure that the motherboard qualifies as “Thunderbolt 5 ready” to guarantee the presence of the necessary Thunderbolt header. This feature is primarily seen in high-end desktop setups, such as those using Intel Z890 motherboards.

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You’ll need a free PCIe 4.0 slot with four lanes (x4) for this upgrade. If your system meets these requirements, you can acquire a compatible PCI-e add-in card, such as the $140 Asus Thunderboltex 5.

This card uses the JHL9580 “Barlow Ridge” controller chip, enabling full Thunderbolt 5 data transfer speeds. Additionally, the two TB-5 Type-C ports can deliver fast charging up to 130 watts and support up to 96 watts for connected devices.

Moreover, there are three Mini-DisplayPort 2.1 outputs, allowing for the connection of up to three monitors, each capable of 8K resolution at 60Hz.

If you’ve been searching for Ethernet cables online, you might have encountered terms like CAT 5, CAT 6, CAT 7, and CAT 8. And no, we’re not referring to any cute furry friends—meow!

So, what do these categories really mean, and how do they differ from one another?

Understanding CAT in Ethernet Cables

The “CAT” in Ethernet cables stands for “category,” which highlights their specifications and standards. You can easily identify a cable’s category by its accompanying number.

The key differences among these categories lie in their performance ratings. Each type features unique wire configurations, varying degrees of twist, and some even include inner plastic tubing.

Similar to USB cables, Ethernet cables have evolved over generations to become faster and more efficient. This is particularly beneficial for gamers seeking high-performance cables that deliver smooth, lag-free online gaming experiences.

CAT and Data Transfer Speeds

The CAT 5 and CAT 5e cables represent earlier generations of Ethernet technology, originating in the early 2000s. CAT 5 cables offer data transfer speeds of up to 100 Mbps at 100 MHz, while CAT 5e cables provide enhanced performance, reaching up to 1,000 Mbps at the same frequency. Consequently, CAT 5e cables are generally more reliable and less prone to lag.

Both CAT 5 and CAT 5e cables are sufficient for most household or office networking needs, whether that’s connecting multiple computers or external devices like printers. They’re commonly used in small offices, schools, and universities for networking hubs, switches, and routers.

However, with the introduction of CAT 6 cables, gamers and users requiring heightened data transfer speeds have shifted their focus. CAT 6 cables can transmit data at rates up to 10 Gbps and frequencies reaching 250 MHz.

These cables also feature superior shielding to reduce electromagnetic interference, making them less vulnerable to crosstalk and noise. This stability is ideal for those who frequently engage in video conferencing or work with cloud-based applications—making them excellent for professional settings like hospitals and educational institutions.

Within the CAT 6 category, you’ll also find CAT 6a cables, which enhance performance further. CAT 6a cables can maintain the same 10 Gbps transfer speeds as CAT 6, but they operate at higher frequencies up to 500 MHz, making them a solid choice for creating a stable 10 Gbps network while minimizing interference and lag during heavy data use.

Next, we have CAT 7 cables, which also support data transfer speeds up to 10 Gbps and can operate at frequencies as high as 600 MHz.

However, CAT 7 cables were originally designed to work with GG45 or TERA connectors, which are less commonly used than the typical RJ45 connectors found in CAT 5, CAT 6, and CAT 6a cables. While CAT 7 cables can be utilized with RJ45 connectors, doing so limits their bandwidth to that of CAT 6 or CAT 6a cables, negating the benefits of enhanced bandwidth.

Lastly, there are CAT 8 Ethernet cables, which represent the pinnacle of Ethernet technology today. These cables break the 10 Gbps barrier by utilizing a 2 GHz signal to achieve data rates of up to 20 Gbps or even 40 Gbps.

Due to their remarkable speed and bandwidth, CAT 8 cables are predominantly installed in large organizations such as data centers, financial institutions, and broadcast studios that require the fastest Ethernet connections. Interestingly, there’s a growing trend of companies offering installations specifically for gamers, highlighting their increasing relevance in gaming.

It’s important to keep in mind that the CAT rating is just one aspect influencing network speed; cables can facilitate a certain data transmission speed but do not inherently provide it. For instance, plugging a CAT 6 cable into a router with a maximum speed of 100 Mbps means you’ll only achieve that speed, regardless of the cable’s capabilities. Your overall network speed will always align with the slowest component in your setup.

What is the Best Ethernet Cable for PC Gaming?

Theoretically, the best choice would be a CAT 8 cable. However, such a cable might be excessive for most gamers. It’s essential to remember that a CAT 8 cable’s high speed and bandwidth may exceed your actual needs. A previous-generation Ethernet cable can provide a perfectly smooth gaming experience.

Many gamers may not fully exploit the high speeds offered by a CAT 8 cable due to limitations like their primary router or modem’s speed. Still, if you’re looking to future-proof your Ethernet performance, investing in one has become significantly more affordable.

For most gamers, CAT 6 or CAT 6a cables are more than adequate, as even the fastest Ethernet cards currently support up to a maximum of 10 Gbps transfer speeds (such as the Asus XG-C100C). In fact, data rates of 1 Gbps are often sufficient for gaming performance. CAT 6 and CAT 6a cables offer an excellent balance of performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

I hope this clarifies your understanding of the various Ethernet cable categories. Be sure to consider the cable length you need before making a purchase, as each CAT standard has its own maximum cable lengths. Happy shopping for cables!

Membrane keyboards are prevalent among input devices, particularly in budget-friendly laptops and desktops. They function through pressure-sensitive layers, specifically rubber domes, to recognize keystrokes. This design often leads to a spongy typing sensation that lacks precision and can be quite unsatisfactory.

Many typists quickly detect inconsistencies in the feel of the keys, especially as the rubber membranes begin to degrade. Keys that are frequently used tend to become softer and less responsive. Additionally, the cheap plastic materials often used in these keyboards can wear down with heavy usage, compounding the typing experience’s discomfort.

These shortcomings are particularly detrimental for gamers, where a single misstep can drastically affect game performance. As a result, many players have turned to mechanical keyboards as a more reliable alternative.

The limited longevity of membrane keyboards is not just an inconvenience; it also raises environmental concerns. Typically, they last for only five to ten million keystrokes, often resulting in less than a decade of use.

In contrast, mechanical keyboards can endure up to one hundred million keystrokes while maintaining consistent performance. Unlike their membrane counterparts, which contribute to electronic waste, mechanical keyboards often feature replaceable switches and durable build materials, offering a more sustainable option.

Mechanical keyboards excel because each key is equipped with an individual switch that delivers precise feedback. Users can also choose from various switch types, tailoring the typing experience to their liking—be it quiet, tactile, or with a distinct click sound.

Moreover, mechanical keyboards are built to last. Many models can remain functional for decades and can be repaired if necessary. Hot-swappable keyboards even allow users to replace malfunctioning switches without needing to discard the entire setup.

Previously, mechanical keyboards were seen as a luxury; however, increasing demand has led to affordable options starting around $44.99. Even these budget models usually outperform most membrane keyboards, catering to specific needs like quiet keystrokes or flat keys.

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Investing in a quality keyboard enhances typing comfort and supports ecological sustainability. Mechanical keyboards not only last longer and provide a superior typing experience but also significantly reduce electronic waste. For anyone who types frequently, plays games avidly, or appreciates high-quality equipment, transitioning to a mechanical keyboard is a worthwhile decision.

Setting a password on your Windows 11 PC isn’t enough to fully protect it from unauthorized physical access—hackers can still find ways to circumvent it. However, there is a more effective strategy you can implement to enhance your security.

By utilizing a simple USB drive as a security key, you can effectively lock and unlock your PC, significantly increasing the difficulty for potential intruders to access your system. Follow these steps to create your secure USB key.

Steps to Set Up Your Secure USB Key

While Windows 11 offers an option to configure a USB key for security purposes, I personally prefer using a free third-party application called USB Raptor. It provides more customizable features for managing your security key.

• Select a USB flash drive that’s empty and free of any files. I opted for the SanDisk 16GB Ultra Fit, which I found on Amazon for about $9.
• Install USB Raptor on your computer and open the application. It will begin in a setup mode that will guide you through three essential steps to configure your secure key.
• Step 1: Create an encryption password and ensure you write it down somewhere safe so you won’t forget it.
• Step 2: Insert your USB flash drive and select the drive letter assigned to it. Then, click on Create k3y file.
• Step 3: It’s important to set up a backup login option in case you misplace your USB key.

How to Create a Backup Login

• In the upper-right corner of the USB Raptor interface, check the box for Advanced configuration.
• From the top menu, select Lock features and scroll down to the Backdoor access option.
• Click Generate RUID file, which will create a file on your desktop. This will enable you to bypass the lock screen in case you forget your password and remove your USB key from the computer.

Dominic Bayley / Foundry

Insider Tip: If USB Raptor isn’t your preference, there are several other alternatives available, such as Predator and Rohos Logon Key Free. While some features are offered for free, full access may require payment.

Important Reminders

• Label your USB security drive clearly to prevent confusion with other USBs you own.
• Select a USB drive that offers fast read/write speeds for a quicker login experience.
• Always back up your data before creating a security key to safeguard against data loss.

By following the steps outlined, you should now have a functional security key that enhances the protection of your PC, along with a backup access method in case of any mishaps. If you decide not to use the key, you can simply deactivate it within the application.

When we think of USB-C cables, we typically assume they are designed solely for transferring data or files between devices. However, there’s a hidden danger lurking within some of these cables: they can be malicious. These deceptive USB-C cables can contain hardware capable of intercepting sensitive information, eavesdropping on conversations, or even seizing full control of your computer or smartphone.

The concept of malicious USB-C cables dates back to 2008, though they were scarce and costly at the time, which meant the average user was shielded from this risk. Fast forward to today, and the market has seen a surge in the availability of these cables. Both specialized vendors label them as “spy cables,” while less scrupulous sellers disguise them as genuine products, thus making it all too easy for unsuspecting consumers to purchase a compromised cable and potentially face severe security breaches. So, how can you identify whether your USB-C cable is harmful?

How to Spot Malicious USB-C Cables

Detecting these harmful USB-C cables can be quite challenging, as they are specifically designed to resemble standard cables. Experts suggest that advanced scanning techniques are the most reliable way to differentiate safe cables from dangerous ones. This approach was recently highlighted by Lumafield, a company renowned for its industrial scanning capabilities.

The team at Lumafield utilized both 2D and 3D scanning methods to analyze the O.MG USB-C cable, which is notorious for its covert hacking capabilities. This insidious cable conceals an embedded Wi-Fi server and a keylogger within its USB connector. Gordon Ung, a former executive editor at PCWorld, reported on its alarming features back in 2021.

Results from Lumafield’s investigation were revealing. While 2D X-ray imaging could detect the cable’s antenna and microcontroller, only a 3D CT scan revealed an additional set of wires connected to a chip positioned atop the microcontroller. You can explore the 3D model of the scan on Lumafield’s website for additional insights.

This revelation underscores a significant concern: you can only definitively determine if a USB-C cable contains harmful hardware with a 3D CT scanner, a tool that is inaccessible for most individuals. However, here are some practical tips for avoiding and identifying suspicious USB-C cables without needing advanced technology:

• Purchase from Trusted Sources: Always buy cables from reputable brands. Manufacturers such as Anker, Apple, Belkin, and Ugreen implement strict quality control measures that minimize the risk of malicious hardware being included in their products. Additionally, purchasing from recognized brands usually ensures you’re getting a superior product.
• Watch for Warning Signs: Pay attention to any unusual markings, brands that seem off, inconsistent cord dimensions, or USB-C connectors that generate heat while idle. These could be indicators of a compromised cable.
• Consider Using Malicious Cable Detection Tools: Devices like the O.MG malicious cable detector claim to identify harmful USB cables effectively.
• Utilize Data Blockers: If you only need to charge a device, a data blocker will prevent any information from being transmitted. The O.MG detector also functions as a data blocker.
• Engage Detection Services: For organizations managing highly sensitive data, consider enlisting specialized services such as Lumafield to thoroughly detect malicious cables. While these services may incur costs, they offer invaluable peace of mind regarding your data security.

If this article has helped highlight the alarming tactics used by cybercriminals to compromise your information, you are not alone. Awareness around malicious USB-C cables is still relatively low. Share these insights with friends and family to ensure more people are informed and vigilant, fostering a safer digital environment for everyone.

When we think about USB-C cables, we usually focus on their primary function: transferring files and data between devices. However, there’s a darker side to these cables that most users overlook. Some USB-C cables are embedded with malicious hardware, allowing hackers to intercept information, listen to conversations, and even take over your computer or smartphone.

The first of these nefarious cables made its appearance in 2008 but remained rare and costly, providing a level of safety for the average consumer. Fast forward to today, and these malicious cables are far more prevalent. With unethical sellers marketing them as legitimate products and even specialized retailers offering “spy cables,” the risk of accidentally purchasing one has increased dramatically. So, how can you tell if your USB-C cable is compromised?

Recognizing Malicious USB-C Cables

Spotting a harmful USB-C cable can be quite challenging, as they are designed to mimic the appearance of standard cables. One promising method for detection is scanning technology. Lumafield, a company known for its advanced scanning equipment, recently demonstrated this approach with the infamous O.MG USB-C cable—a modified cable that incorporates a hidden Wi-Fi server and keylogger.

In their research, Lumafield utilized both 2D and 3D scanning techniques. The 2D X-ray primarily highlighted the cable’s antenna and microcontroller, while the 3D CT scan uncovered a network of wires connected to a chip placed atop the microcontroller. You can delve into a 3D model showcasing these findings on Lumafield’s website.

This research confirms that the only sure way to determine if a USB-C cable contains harmful hardware is through a 3D CT scan—something that’s far from accessible for the average person. Fortunately, there are several practical steps you can take to avoid and identify suspicious USB-C cables:

• Purchase from trusted retailers: If you’re unfamiliar with the brand, it’s best to avoid it. Reputable manufacturers such as Anker, Apple, Belkin, and Ugreen have stringent quality controls that help ensure their cables are free from malicious elements. Beyond safety, opting for reliable brands often guarantees better performance; scans have shown that lesser-known brands may lack essential USB-C components, leading to subpar functionality. If you’re in the market for new cables, check out our top recommendations for USB-C products.
• Watch for red flags: Be vigilant for odd brand names or logos. Abnormal labels, inconsistently sized cables, or connectors that feel warm even when unplugged can all indicate a potentially harmful USB-C cable.
• Utilize the O.MG cable detector: This tool by O.MG claims to identify all malicious USB cables effectively.
• Implement data blockers: If your primary use is charging rather than data transfer, data blockers can prevent any unauthorized data extraction. The O.MG device also doubles as a data blocker.
• Consider professional detection services: For those handling highly sensitive data, employing a company like Lumafield for precise and thorough detection might be worthwhile. Although this comes at a cost, it can significantly enhance your security and peace of mind.

If you found this article eye-opening regarding the tactics hackers use to compromise your data, you’re far from alone. Awareness of malicious USB-C cables is still relatively low. Be sure to share these insights with your family and friends; when more people take proactive measures to protect their data, we can create a safer landscape for everyone.