Scientists have developed an innovative, compact antenna that offers 5G and Wi-Fi capabilities, specifically designed for integration into smart clothing rather than traditional devices like smartphones or smartwatches. This advanced 2-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is woven into a fabric and intended for close proximity to the human body. Its size is remarkably small, measuring just 24 x 24mm, allowing it to be conveniently concealed in a shirt pocket.
The research highlights that this antenna can be manufactured using a variety of materials, such as denim, cotton, felt, and even silk. The denim version tested is flexible in both horizontal and vertical axes without compromising performance. It delivers ample gain for everyday usage and is safe for direct contact with the body. Its ability to operate on dual-band Sub-6 5G and Wi-Fi frequencies—specifically 3.5GHz for 5G and 5.2GHz for Wi-Fi—distinguishes it from other recent single-band wearable antennas lacking MIMO features. The study elaborates on the significance of this technology:
“With the expansion of 5G and 6G networks, the fundamental nature of communication will rely on MIMO antennas, which enable dependable connectivity through low path losses, high channel capacities, greater data transfer rates, and extended communication ranges—all without increased power requirements.”
Smart clothing could have important applications not only in military and space exploration contexts but also in health and sports sectors. The dual-band antenna enables sensors embedded in clothing to gather and transmit vital health data independently, eliminating the necessity for smartphones or smartwatches. This innovation reduces the need for additional devices and enhances the versatility of wearable technology. Moreover, a built-in antenna in smart garments could facilitate connectivity with other wearables and pave the way for true smart clothing featuring integrated flexible displays.
Importantly, the antenna’s Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) has been evaluated to assess how much energy is absorbed by the human body, ensuring safety. Its low-power characteristics ensure it remains well below the threshold for safe exposure levels, according to the research team, categorizing it as harmless. However, details about how the antenna receives power are not addressed, an essential consideration for the future development of smart clothing. Although this advancement is still a research initiative and hasn’t yet been commercialized for everyday use, it represents a significant progression in the field.
While connected clothing remains on the fringes of mainstream adoption, notable examples include Google’s Project Jacquard and the subsequent Levi’s Trucker and Sherpa jackets, as well as a connected backpack by Saint Laurent. By enhancing functionality through the inclusion of antennas, we may see a broader range of smart clothing products introduced in the future.
