Understanding the Global Shift in Air Quality Improvement
The battle against air pollution has gained momentum in recent years, especially as the world grapples with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. A recent report by IQAir has highlighted some remarkable advancements in air quality among various nations, showcasing both the challenges and the triumphs experienced in this crucial sector.
Major Improvements in Central and Southeast Asia
As noted by the IQAir report, nations in Central and Southeast Asia have made the most significant strides in improving air quality since the onset of the pandemic.
The Case of Mongolia
Mongolia has emerged as a leader in this effort, demonstrating a remarkable decrease in average annual air pollution by over 30 micrograms per cubic meter of air from 2019 to 2024. While the country still struggles with pollution during the winter months due to coal-burning stoves in urban settings, initiatives aimed at assisting low-income families in shifting to electric heating have proven effective. This monumental improvement has positioned Mongolia close to reaching the World Health Organization’s (WHO) interim goal of 2 out of 4, representing a step towards their ultimate objective of achieving an average annual PM2.5 pollution level of 5 micrograms per cubic meter.
Indonesia’s Steady Progress
Indonesia is another noteworthy mention on this list. Known for its significant air pollution crisis, particularly in its capital, Jakarta, the country has managed to gain ground in recent years. Once the seventh most polluted capital globally, Jakarta improved its standing to the tenth place in the latest IQAir ranking. This transformation has been fueled by better cooking fuels and enhanced pollution control measures for transportation and industries. However, despite these improvements, Indonesia narrowly missed achieving the first interim goal set by the WHO.
Gulf Nations Leading the Charge
The Gulf region has also made noticeable advancements in air quality regulations.
Bahrain’s Regulatory Progress
Bahrain stands out as an example of effective regulatory measures across various Gulf countries. Thanks to new policies aimed at reducing fossil fuel consumption, Bahrain achieved the WHO’s first interim goal for the first time in 2024. This significant milestone showcases the positive outcomes of committed governance in tackling environmental challenges.
China’s Evolution and Commitment
China has been a focal point in discussions about air pollution for years. The country has made substantial progress, meeting the first interim goal set by the WHO since 2020. Acknowledged as the 11th most improved country in 2024, China’s ongoing commitment to tackle air pollution demonstrates the broader trend of improvement seen in many nations.
European Nations and Their Unique Challenges
Among the countries improving air quality, several European nations are also leading the way. Kosovo, Bulgaria, and Greece have been notable advances; however, they have only reached interim goal 3 in their air quality efforts.
Household Contributions to Pollution
A common theme across these European nations is the significant contribution of private households to air pollution through the burning of wood and coal for heating. This issue peaked in 2022 as energy prices soared in the aftermath of geopolitical events, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The interplay between economic pressures and environmental responsibility poses ongoing challenges for these nations as they strive to balance immediate energy needs with long-term air quality improvements.
Conclusion
As various countries continue to pursue cleaner air, the insights from the IQAir report illuminate the paths taken and the hurdles overcome in this critical global endeavor. The improvements seen in Mongolia, Indonesia, Bahrain, and several European countries highlight a collaborative spirit and a commitment to a healthier environment for future generations.
